Schnapps is a term that can refer to different types of distilled spirits, depending on the region. In Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, it traditionally refers to strong, clear fruit brandies distilled from fermented fruit mash, without added sugar. These "Obstler" or "Obstbrand" showcase the pure, intense flavours of the specific fruit used, such as cherry (Kirschwasser), plum (Zwetschgenwasser), or pear (Williamsbirne). The origin of these fruit spirits can be traced back to the 16th century in Central Europe.

In North America, the term "schnapps" is often used more broadly to describe flavoured liqueurs, typically made with a neutral grain spirit base and added sugar and artificial or natural fruit flavours. These are generally lower in alcohol content than the European-style schnapps.